ecosystem
Environment
A community of living things and the environment they depend on.
marine ecosystemfragile ecosystem
ExampleThe passage explains how a fragile ecosystem can be damaged by tourism.
IELTSReading
IELTS reading vocabulary for academic passages and topic recognition.
Reading entries should be calm and reference-like: topic, pronunciation, definition, and collocations before examples.
FocusRecognize passage vocabulary
deterioration
Change
The process of becoming worse.
environmental deteriorationgradual deterioration
ExampleThe article describes the gradual deterioration of air quality in large cities.
habitat
Nature
The natural place where an animal or plant lives.
ExampleThe reading passage says that wetland habitat is disappearing quickly.
contaminate
Pollution
To make something dirty, unsafe, or harmful by adding unwanted material.
ExampleIndustrial waste can contaminate rivers and harm local communities.